Observatory

EU AI Act vs FCA Consumer Duty

The same obligation themes, side by side, from the catalogue that powers the rest of this site — 16 catalogued requirements across 15 themes. Expand any requirement to read it. Free, no login.

Comparing 2 of 38 regulations we track. This URL is the comparison — send it to anyone.

In force

EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Reg. 2024/1689)

Authority: European Union · EU / EEA
Catalogued requirements: 15, all mandatory
Themes it legislates on: 15 of the 15 below
Maximum exposure: Up to €35M or 7% of global annual turnover (GPAI-specific: up to €15M or 3%)
Next dated obligation: 2026-12-02 — EU AI Act — NCII/CSAM ban + end of marking grace period (in 100 days)
Official source last read: 2026-08-23 — unchanged since our last read

In force

FCA Consumer Duty (PRIN 2A)

Authority: UK — FCA · United Kingdom (retail financial services)
Catalogued requirements: 1, all mandatory
Themes it legislates on: 1 of the 15 below
Maximum exposure: FCA enforcement
Next dated obligation: Nothing dated ahead in our calendar
Official source last read: 2026-08-23 — unchanged since our last read

Where they overlap

Every theme below appears in exactly one group, so these account for all 15 of them. Sharing a theme means both regimes legislate in that area — it does not mean complying with one discharges the other.

Both legislate here · 1 theme

EU AI Act · FCA Consumer Duty

Rights impact assessment

1 of the 2 legislates here · 14 themes

EU AI Actnot: FCA Consumer Duty

Outright bansRisk management systemData & training dataAccuracy, robustness & securityTechnical documentationConformity assessmentRegistration & public listingTransparency & explanationTelling people AI was usedLabelling AI-generated contentHuman oversight & overrideLogging & recordsMonitoring after deploymentIncident reporting

Requirement by requirement

A dash means we have not catalogued a requirement for that regulation under that theme — a summary of our catalogue, not a finding that the law is silent. Always check the official text, linked from each regulation's page.

Theme	EU AI Act	FCA Consumer Duty
What is forbidden outright
Outright bans Are some uses forbidden regardless of safeguards?	Art. 5 Prohibited AI practices must Practices such as social scoring, manipulative/subliminal techniques, exploitation of vulnerabilities, untargeted facial scraping, and (most) real-time remote biometric identification are banned and cannot be placed on the EU market. Read it in context →	—
What you must assess first
Risk management system Must you run a documented, continuous risk process?	Art. 9 Risk-management system must Establish, document and maintain a continuous risk-management system across the AI lifecycle. Read it in context →	—
Rights impact assessment Must you assess the impact on people before deploying?	Art. 27 Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment must Certain deployers must perform a Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment before putting the system into use. Read it in context →	PRIN 2A Avoid foreseeable harm from AI must Assess and prevent foreseeable harm to retail customers before deploying AI (e.g. biased credit models, misleading AI chatbots), and deliver good outcomes on products, price/value, understanding and support. Read it in context →
What you owe the data
Data & training data Are there duties on the data the system learns from?	Art. 10 Data & data governance must Training, validation and testing data must meet quality criteria and be examined for bias; document provenance and representativeness. Read it in context →	—
What you must build and prove
Accuracy, robustness & security Must you hit and evidence performance targets?	Art. 15 Accuracy, robustness & cybersecurity must Achieve appropriate accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity, and declare metrics. Read it in context →	—
Technical documentation Must a technical file exist before deployment?	Art. 11 / Annex IV Technical documentation must Draw up and keep up-to-date technical documentation demonstrating conformity (the Annex IV technical file). Read it in context →	—
Conformity assessment Must someone certify it before it goes to market?	Art. 43 Conformity assessment must Undergo the relevant conformity-assessment procedure and draw up an EU declaration of conformity before market entry. Read it in context →	—
Registration & public listing Must the system be registered or published somewhere?	Art. 49 EU database registration must Register the high-risk system in the EU database before placing it on the market. Read it in context →	—
What you must tell people
Transparency & explanation Must you explain how it works, and to whom?	Art. 13 Transparency & instructions for use must Provide deployers with clear instructions: capabilities, limitations, and required human oversight. Read it in context →	—
Telling people AI was used Must people be told an AI was involved?	Art. 50 Transparency for certain systems must Inform people they are interacting with an AI system (chatbots) and label AI-generated/manipulated content. Read it in context →	—
Labelling AI-generated content Must generated output be marked or watermarked?	Art. 50(2) Marking of synthetic content must Mark AI-generated audio, image, video or text in a machine-readable, detectable way. Read it in context →	—
What you must do while it runs
Human oversight & override Must a person be able to intervene, review or stop it?	Art. 14 Human oversight must Design the system so humans can effectively oversee it, intervene, and stop it. Read it in context →	—
Logging & records Must the system keep records of what it did?	Art. 12 Record-keeping (logging) must Automatically record events (logs) over the system lifetime to ensure traceability. Read it in context →	—
Monitoring after deployment Must you keep watching it once it is live?	Art. 72 Post-market monitoring must Operate a post-market monitoring system to collect and review performance data after deployment. Read it in context →	—
Incident reporting Must failures be reported, and to whom?	Art. 73 Serious-incident reporting must Report serious incidents and malfunctioning to the competent market-surveillance authority. Read it in context →	—

Which one bites first

Every dated obligation attached to these regulations, merged into one timeline.

EU AI Act 2025-02-02 · in force

EU AI Act — prohibited practices in force

Eight unacceptable-risk practices (social scoring, manipulative AI, untargeted face-scraping, most real-time biometric ID) are banned.

EU AI Act 2025-07-10 · in force

EU AI Act — GPAI Code of Practice published

The final GPAI Code of Practice (Transparency, Copyright, Safety & Security chapters) gives providers a voluntary route to demonstrate compliance ahead of harmonised standards.

EU AI Act 2025-08-02 · in force

EU AI Act — governance bodies & penalties live

National competent authorities and fines (up to 7% of global turnover for prohibited use) become enforceable.

EU AI Act 2025-08-02 · in force

EU AI Act — general-purpose AI (GPAI) obligations apply

GPAI providers owe transparency, technical documentation, copyright policy, and systemic-risk duties for capable models.

EU AI Act 2026-08-02 · in force

EU AI Act — Art. 50 transparency obligations in force

Now live. Chatbots must disclose they are AI; deepfakes and emotion-recognition/biometric-categorisation uses must be disclosed. The Commission adopted final Art. 50 guidelines on 20 July 2026, and the AI Office's enforcement powers over GPAI providers (fines up to €15M or 3% of turnover) became applicable the same day. Providers' machine-readable marking of synthetic content under Art. 50(2) has a grace period to 2 Dec 2026.

EU AI Act 2026-12-02 · in 100 days

EU AI Act — NCII/CSAM ban + end of marking grace period

The Digital Omnibus adds a prohibition on AI systems for non-consensual intimate imagery/CSAM and ends the synthetic-content marking grace period for pre-existing systems.

EU AI Act 2027-12-02 · in 465 days

EU AI Act — serious-incident reporting (Art. 73)

Providers of high-risk systems must report serious incidents to authorities within 15 days (10 days on a death; 2 days for widespread infringement or critical-infrastructure disruption).

EU AI Act 2027-12-02 · in 465 days

EU AI Act — Annex III high-risk obligations apply

Full high-risk regime (risk management, data governance, logging, human oversight, accuracy, conformity assessment, registration). Moved from Aug 2026 to 2 Dec 2027 by the Digital Omnibus — Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, published in the Official Journal 24 July 2026 and in force since 27 July 2026, so this date is settled law.

EU AI Act 2028-08-02 · in 709 days

EU AI Act — Annex I embedded high-risk obligations apply

High-risk AI embedded in regulated products (machinery, medical devices, vehicles) must comply. Moved from Aug 2027 to 2 Aug 2028 by the Digital Omnibus — Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force since 27 July 2026.

Other comparisons worth making

EU AI Act vs Colorado ADMT Act vs SR 26-2 The three regimes a US bank deploying in Europe has to satisfy at once. EU AI Act vs Colorado ADMT Act Risk-tiered product law against a consequential-decision consumer law. EU AI Act vs GDPR The two EU regimes that both land on an automated decision about a person. NIST AI RMF vs ISO 42001 vs EU AI Act Voluntary framework, certifiable standard, and binding law over the same lifecycle. SR 26-2 vs OSFI E-23 US and Canadian model-risk guidance for banks, side by side. NYC LL144 vs Illinois HB 3773 vs Colorado Three US answers to AI in hiring and consequential decisions.

Find out which of these actually apply to your system →